DERMATOLOGY
Etiology
Hormonal changes (androgens)
Follicular keratinization
Cutibacterium acnes proliferation
Excess sebum production
Pathogenesis
Follicle obstruction → comedones
Bacterial colonization → inflammation → papules/pustules
Deep inflammation → nodules/cysts
Clinical Features
Open/closed comedones
Papules, pustules, nodules
Common on face, chest, back
Treatment
Topical retinoids
Benzoyl peroxide
Topical/oral antibiotics
Oral isotretinoin (severe nodulocystic acne)
Hormonal therapy (OCPs, spironolactone)