Etiology

  • Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses

  • Transmission: fecal-oral (A,E), blood/body fluids (B,C,D)

Pathogenesis

  • Viral replication → hepatocyte injury → inflammation

  • Chronicity common in HBV & HCV

Diagnosis

  • LFTs (AST/ALT ↑)

  • Serology (HBsAg, anti-HCV, etc.)

Treatment

  • HAV/HEV: supportive

  • HBV: antivirals (tenofovir, entecavir)

  • HCV: direct-acting antivirals (curative)