PULMONOLOGY
IN THIS LESSON
Etiology
• Atopic (IgE-mediated)
• Non-atopic: exercise, cold air, NSAIDs
Pathogenesis
• Chronic airway inflammation → bronchial hyperreactivity → reversible obstruction
Clinical features
• Wheezing, dyspnea, cough (especially at night/early morning)
• Chest tightness
• Symptoms triggered by allergens or exercise
Lab findings
• PFTs: ↓ FEV₁, ↑ FEV₁/FVC ratio improves with bronchodilator
• ↑ IgE (atopic asthma)
• Eosinophilia in blood or sputum
Treatment
• Short-acting β₂ agonists (SABA) for relief
• Inhaled corticosteroids for long-term control
• Leukotriene receptor antagonists
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