NEPHROLOGY
Etiology
Ascending infection: E. coli (most common)
Proteus, Klebsiella
Risk factors: female sex, vesicoureteral reflux, obstruction, catheters
Pathogenesis
Bacterial invasion of renal pelvis → spread to renal parenchyma
Neutrophilic infiltration → abscess formation in severe cases
Clinical Features
Fever, chills
Flank pain
Nausea, vomiting
Dysuria, frequency
CVA tenderness
Pyuria, WBC casts
Treatment
Oral antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, TMP-SMX) for uncomplicated cases
IV antibiotics for severe/complicated cases
Treat underlying obstruction if present