NEUROLOGY
Etiology
Genetic predisposition
Triggers: stress, sleep deprivation, certain foods, hormones
Pathogenesis
Cortical spreading depression
Trigeminal nerve activation → CGRP release → vasodilation & pain
Clinical Features
Unilateral throbbing headache
Photophobia, phonophobia
Nausea, vomiting
Aura in some patients
Treatment
Acute: NSAIDs, triptans, antiemetics
Preventive: propranolol, topiramate, amitriptyline, CGRP inhibitors
Lifestyle modification