Etiology

  • Multifactorial: gut-brain axis dysfunction

  • Stress, altered motility, visceral hypersensitivity

Pathogenesis

  • Dysregulated neural and hormonal signaling

  • Altered microbiome

  • Post-infectious changes

Diagnosis

  • Rome IV criteria

  • Exclude organic disease

Treatment

  • Diet (low FODMAP)

  • Antispasmodics

  • Laxatives or antidiarrheals

  • Psychological therapy (CBT)