Etiology

  • Hypertension (most common)

  • Aneurysm rupture (SAH)

  • AV malformations

  • Amyloid angiopathy

Pathogenesis

  • Vessel rupture → hematoma → ↑ intracranial pressure → mass effect

Clinical Features

  • Severe headache

  • Vomiting

  • Rapid neurological decline

  • Seizures

  • Meningeal signs (in SAH)

Treatment

  • BP control

  • Reversal of anticoagulation

  • Neurosurgical intervention

  • Nimodipine for SAH to prevent vasospasm