Etiology

  • Autoimmune

  • Genetic susceptibility

  • Environmental factors (low vitamin D)

Pathogenesis

  • Immune-mediated demyelination of CNS

  • Formation of plaques → slowed nerve conduction

Clinical Features

  • Optic neuritis

  • Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

  • Sensory deficits

  • Lhermitte sign

  • Fatigue

Treatment

  • Acute relapse: IV steroids

  • Disease-modifying: interferon-β, glatiramer, natalizumab

  • Symptomatic: baclofen (spasticity), amantadine (fatigue)